Class 10 Science - Chapter 4: Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10 Science - Chapter 4: Carbon and Its Compounds 1. Introduction to Carbon Carbon is the 4 th most abundant element in the universe and the 15 th most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Atomic number of carbon : 6 Electronic configuration : 2, 4 Carbon achieves stability by sharing electrons, forming covalent bonds . 2. Why Carbon is Unique 1. Catenation : Carbon can form long chains, branched chains, and rings by bonding with other carbon atoms. Example: Ethane (C 2 H 6 ), Propane (C 3 H 8 ), Benzene (C 6 H 6 ). 2. Tetravalency : Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms (e.g., hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.). Example: Methane (CH 4 ), Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ). 3. Formation of Multiple Bonds : Carbon can form single (C-C) , double (C=C) , or triple (C≡C)...
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